DOI: 10.46726/H.2026.3.17
This article examines the fundamental contradictions of the modern world. Key issues in the natural environment, economic, political, and social spheres are highlighted, as well as in the superconscious, that is, in the humanities, which is the common characteristic of culture, religion, ideology, and everything related to them. Based on approaches to solving these problems, the article examines the main epistemological and ontological structures that are closely interconnected, developing, and complementing each other. Epistemological structures were developed by Bachelard, Foucault, Kuhn, Holton, and Lyotard. Key philosophical issues and their contribution to the formation of epistemological structures are examined in detail. The methodological aspects of the educational process are closely intertwined with these structures. Ontological aspects are associated with scientific worldviews and models of reality. Concepts about them were developed by Newton, Maxwell, Darwin, Einstein, Planck, Bohm, Pribram, Stepin, and many others. The ontological structures of humans and social entities (groups, institutions, etc.) must necessarily be connected to the contexts that determine their existence and development: the biosphere, sociosphere, and noosphere, within which numerous intermediate layers, structures, and subsystems can be identified. The most striking examples of such layers are the pedosphere, pneumatosphere, anthroposphere, ecosphere, etc.
For citation: Kozhevnikov N.N., Danilova V.S. Self-awareness of philosophy in the discourse of higher education in Russia, Bulletin of Ivanovo State University. Series: Humanities, 2026, iss. 3, pp. 159—165.