The formulation of this problem is not new; it is a reflection on the relationship between the ideal and the material, — similarly, the variants of solutions existing in the history of philosophy are not absolutely new. In the onto-gnoseological key, as is known, firstly, the question of genesis is solved, and secondly, reversibly, the question about the ways of embodying the ideal in the material is discussed. At the core, there are only six philosophical trends of thought (excluding theology) explaining the said dyad: materialism, two types of idealism, dualism which considers matter and consciousness as parallels, hylozoism and the separately standing vulgar materialism, reducing them back into some kind of unity. However, in terms of content, these models are much more numerous. A sort of a “quartoquint circle” in which the main approaches can be arranged would be incomplete without further development of the semiotic approach to being, cognition and culture as a whole. The author suggests taking into account the semiotics of existential materialism, which accepts that consciousness is presentation, and language is representation of being, the optimal meeting location for the ideal and the material, mediating nature and consciousness.
For citation: Tajsina E.A. Consciousness does exist and does not exist, it is expressed and is not expressed in language, Ivanovo State University Bulletin, Series: Humanities, 2025, iss. 4, pp. 142—154.